Joseph Kempler
July 19, 2024
After the war, concentration camp Joseph Kempler was invited to a hearing in Germany for the purpose of identifying war criminals. There, he struck up an acquaintance with some Jehovah’s Witnesses who had also been incarcerated. He knew nothing of their beliefs but he had previously encountered them, as a camp within a camp, at the Melk labor prison. He sat with them throughout the days of the hearings.
The case of one former S.S. guard came up for review. He was the guard whose abuse had resulted in the complete loss of use of one arm and restricted use of the other for one of Kempler’s Witness companions. Kempler was both dumbfounded and furious when the latter sat quietly, puffing away at his pipe, and would not speak up. Here was his chance to exact payback! The man wouldn’t do it. “‘Vengeance in mine; I will repay,’ says Jehovah”—he cited the Bible verse at Romans 12:19
Kempler’s imprisonment through six Nazi camps had broken him, both spiritually and emotionally. He was very explicit on that point in testimony for the USHMM archives, and he didn’t have to be. Even after he became a Witness in 1953, healing would take many years, during which time he credited his wife for raising his children. He had always been there, but not emotionally available. Like the Ethiopian eunuch of the sixth chapter of Acts, his background knowledge had allowed him to put the pieces together quickly. He soon could explain the complete Bible backward and forward. But, he would zone out under emotional stress, a mechanism that had enabled his survival in the camps.
He was also explicit in that USHMM testimony that the Witnesses had not been broken. Physically, sometimes they had been, but spiritually and emotionally they had come through intact. Probably, that is why he invited the Witnesses into his home when they called back in 1953. He had previously accepted from them a book because a book, any book, for only fifty cents was a great bargain; he had always been a voracious reader. He had been surprised to see them, imagining they were a German religion. But his visitors showed him a map inside one of their books to indicate they were earthwide. ‘It’s a wonderful hope,’ he said, when they described promises of a paradise earth, ‘but it’s not something I could ever have.’ He was proved wrong.
Mauthassen was the camp in which guards loaded crushingly heavy boulders on the shoulder of inmates and made them ascend uneven quarry steps to transport them elsewhere. (Kempler was angry when the government later replaced them with smooth steps for the sake of modern tourists.) One might easily topple over the edge to one’s death, or even be deliberately pushed off. Having survived a horrific stint in Mauthassen, Kempler was transferred by cattle car to the Melk labor camp, as though the culmination of a survival-of-the-fittest experiment. On that car, prisoners were packed in so tightly that if one raised his arms, he or she might not get them down again. People relieved themselves where they stood.
At Melk, people died through overwork and mistreatment, but no one was shot—it was a labor camp for things the Germans needed. Kempler later described for the USC Shoah Foundation his first encounter with the Witnesses at that camp. It was “a barrack in the camp, which was surrounded by its own wire, so the people who were in there, they couldn’t go out and mix with the others, and nobody could go in. So I asked ‘Who are these people? Must be very dangerous if they had a camp within a camp. . . . They said, ‘They are Jehovah’s Witnesses. they were all Germans, mostly, and they were locked up because they wouldn’t go along with Hitler, they wouldn’t serve in the army.’
So I said, ‘Why do they lock them up? They said, ‘Because otherwise they will go out and preach to others.’ They’re considered too dangerous for that. But what they told me was, these people were the only ones who were not victims because they were told that by signing a statement denouncing their religion was enough to set them free. And they wouldn’t go.
This was something that was totally unusual because any one of us would si—(laughs) ah, can you imagine signing a piece of paper and you can get out? So, I mean, it was the talk of the camp and they were there, most of them, going back to 1933-34. . . . the Germans trusted them for babysitters or maybe its barbers—they wouldn't cut their throats, so as a result they had good positions. And these people were known to always support, would rather help one another . . . this made a powerful impression.”
Even in camp the Witnesses were too thought dangerous to mix with the general population. Nazis who would inflict Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar guards upon the imprisoned populace, to persuade them they were subhuman, would not inflict these ones. [&&&FN Kempler’s video testimony is, at time of writing, readily found on the internet. A three-hour segment is found in the collections of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, at https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn508850.
“It is difficult to speak with Jews,” he relates in the Engardio-Shephard 2006 documentary, Knocking. “They say I became a traitor. Six million Jews died and I joined the other side. I was among those survivors who felt that God was really responsible and guilty. He was the one who permitted the Holocaust. So we didn’t fail him, we didn’t do anything wrong. He failed us. And this is a very common belief.”
“God is being maligned and misunderstood and in many different ways looked down upon as being uncaring or dead or whatever, and there are all kinds of distortions as to what God is and who he is. To be able to speak up in his defense . . . what a powerful turnaround from somebody where I was to become a defender of God . . . what a wonderful privilege this is.”
Mr. Kempler saw, in the Holocaust aftermath, an opportunity to defend God. Though barbaric treatment turned millions away from God, millions who could not fathom how God could possibly permit such a monstrous thing—and he was among them—he was, in time, fortified by knowledge of why the world was as it is, what hope there was for change, and how to best live in the meantime. Armed with such knowledge, he was drawn to the people who, with faith and dignity intact, survived what was likely the greatest evil in history.
Doubtless, he many times pondered the Book of Job—not in real time, of course—at the time of Holocaust, he and fellow inmates thought only of survival. Most became, in his words, “like animals, just out to survive, and being an animal is as close as you can describe such persons.” Belief in God turned to disappointment, then anger, then disappeared entirely. “They died before they died,” said he of his fellow captives. Nobody grieved at another’s death, even of family. He shut down emotionally. He later credited his faith as a Witness for the supportive atmosphere it bestowed in which renewal could take place. That, and a renewed Bible understanding that consistently likens spiritual things to water, which is healthy when it moves and stagnant when it does not.
Jehovah’s Witnesses weathered the storm, with faith and dignity intact, They had read the Book of Job. They had gotten the greater sense of it. Victor Frankl, a Jew who would later go on to write several books, relates what a gut-punch it was for him, after his camp experience, to encounter members of the general populace who said, ‘We didn’t know.’ In some cases it was a conscience-salving dodge, but in most cases they actually didn’t know. It wasn’t even one of those lawyerly ‘knew or should have known’ scenarios; in most cases there was no reason they ‘should have known.’ How could anyone be expected to imagine such atrocities?
It was a gut-punch for him. It meant his suffering went unnoticed. Wasn’t that nearly the same as it being in vain? Witnesses were not undercut by that perception. At the very least, they knew their suffering was observed by God, as Job’s had been. They knew they had been given opportunity to display loyalty to God under suffering, again like Job. They had not felt their lives purposeless even in confinement. They had been given opportunity to build up others, when not physically separated from them, with their kingdom hope. They had even smuggled out detailed diagrams of the camps, as early as the 1930s, to be forwarded to Western media sources. Those sources disbelieved them, since it was from the Witnesses, but their spiritual brothers came to know. And, of course, they had been given opportunity to help each other. That gives purpose to anyone.
Kempler died in 2021, at 93 years of age. He did not outlive Leopold Engleitner, another Witness Holocaust survivor, for a time the oldest one, who with the assistance of his publisher, toured the globe at 103. “I’ll be back,” he had said in California, imitating the then-governor’s movie days. He would visit classrooms, and the kids, as with Kempler, couldn’t get enough of him. He described himself as “a busy boy, with no time to die.” Somehow, he later found the time, at 107 years of age. Kempler did not outlive him. But, 93 certainly qualifies as being ‘old and satisfied with days.’ And, just a few years prior to his death, his daughter-in-law published his memoirs. The book is entitled The Altered I: Memoirs of Holocaust Survivor Joseph Kempler. It is a good title, for he was altered—twice.
(From my upcoming book, tentatively titled 'Job and the Workman's Theodicy: Why Bad Thing Happen'--perhaps verbatim, perhaps in modified form.)
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